Essay --

The United States of America accounts for only 5% of the worlds population, yet as a nation, we devour over 50% of the worlds pharmaceutical medication and around 80% of the worlds prescription narcotics (American Addict). The increasing take away for prescription medication in America has evoked a national health crisis in which the government and big business benefit at the disbursement of the American public.(II) The enacting of Medicare Part D in 2006 only helped to fuel Americas hunger for prescription medication. In 2003, President George W. Bush announced and sign the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (also known as the Medicare Modernization Act, or MMA) on December 8th. The roughly $400 billion dollar measure was marketed to the American public as something that will provide care for the millions of senior citizens who, at the time, were struggling to afford prescription medication. This was the largest development of Medicare since 1965, whi ch is when the program was initially created, and gave hope to those privation for positive medical reform. According to title XI of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, the most significant change will be the affordability of prescription drugs by implementing the importation of drugs from Canada, along with necessary safety measures, in order to lessen the cost (United States Congress, 832). For those who were in retirement homes and lacked a steady income, the affordability of drugs was often a decision making factor in the decision to seek medical attention and the idea that those individuals ceased to live simply because they lacked the funds tugged at the heartstrings of many Americans. Although the Medicare Moderniza... ...pecially with the use of DTC advertising, to such a wide range of afflictions greatly increased their consumer base, but one of them proved to be deadly. In 1999, four years after Lilly sent study results to the U.S . fodder and Drug Administration showing Zyprexa didnt alleviate dementia symptoms in older patients, it began marketing the drug to those very people, according to documents unsealed in insurance broker suits against the company for overpayment.(Applbaum, 248). Soon after it began to be used in those suffering from dementia, there were studies produces that showed an increase in death rate among elderly patients taking Zyprexa. In January of 2009, Eli Lilly and Company, who produced the drug, ended up settling the lawsuit and agreed to pay $1.415 billion which was one of the biggest corporate settlements in the history of pharmaceutical companies (Applbaum, 237).

Edward James Hughes :: essays research papers fc

Edward James HughesEdward James Hughes is one of the most outstanding living British poets. In 1984he was awarded the title of the nations Poet Laureate. He came into prominencein the late fifties and early sixties, having earned a reputation of a prolific,original and honest poet, which he maintained to the present day. Ted Hugheswas born in 1930 in Yorkshire into a family of a carpenter. After graduatingfrom Grammar School he went up to Cambridge to study side of meat, but afterward changedto Archaeology and Anthropology. At Cambridge he met Sylvia Plath, whom hemarried in 1956. His send-off army of poems Hawk in the Rain was published in1957. The same socio-economic class he made his first records of reading of some Yeatss poemsand one of his own for BBC Third Programme. Shortly afterwards, the couple wentto live to America and stayed there until 1959. His next collection of poemsLupercal (1960) was followed by two books for children Meet My Folks (1961) andEarth Owl (1963) . Selected Poems, with Thom Gunn (a poet whose work isfrequently associated with Hughess as marking a new turn in English verse), waspublished in 1962. Then Hughes stopped writing almost completely for nearlythree years following Sylvia Plaths death in 1963 (the couple had illogicalearlier), but thereafter he published prolifically, often in collaboration withphotographers and illustrators. The volumes of poetry that succeeded SelectedPoems include Wodwo (1967), Crow (1970), Season Songs (1974), Gaudete (1977),Cave Birds (1978), Remains of Elmet (1979) and Moortown (1979). At first therecognition came from overseas, as his Hawk in the Rain (1957) was selected NewYorks Poetry Book Societys Autumn Choice and later the poet was awardedNathaniel Hawthorns Prize for Lupercal (1960). Soon he became well-known(a) andadmired in Britain. On 19 December 1984 Ted Hughes became Poet Laureate, insuccession to the late John Betjeman. Hughes has written a great deal for thetheatre, two for adul ts and for children. He has also published many essays onhis favourite poets and edited selections from the work of Keith Douglas andEmily Dickinson (1968). Since 1965 he has been a co-editor of the magazineModern Poetry in Translation in London. He is still an active critic and poet,his new poems appearing almost weekly (917)Judging from bibliography, Ted Hughes has received a lot of attention fromscholars and literary critics both in the USA and Britain. However, most ofthese works are not available in Lithuania. Hence my overview of Hughescriticism might not be full enough.

Essays --

Description of Technology and Associated ScienceWhen considering technology and its score, defining technology is crucial. According to David Banta from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands, technology can be described as science or knowledge applied to a specific purpose. An even more advanced, specific definition would be a broad concept that deals with use and knowledge of tools and crafts and how its use affects the ability to control and adapt to the social and physical environment. Technology consists not solitary(prenominal) of material objects, but also of systems, methods of organization, and techniques. Technology can involve specific areas like electricity, computers, cellphones, and so forth or more broad areas like construction technology, wellness technology, business technology, etc. (Banta, 2009). Technology can be broken down further into five specific categories. Tangible technology pertains to physical things like blueprints, models, prototypes, etc. T he second category is intangible technology, referring to problem solving and training methods. The third category, High technology, focuses on completely automated technology or thinking(a) technology. substitute Intelligence is one example of this. The intermediate category includes somewhat intelligent technology. Finally, low technology involves a lot of labor and the rare use of intelligent tools. Simple farming tools like a hoe and rake would fit in the category of low level technology.Every invention in history was designed for a specific purpose in order to meet a specific need of the society in which it was created. In the midst of the industrial revolution, for example, people were restricted by daylight hours and unable to work after dark. After the inv... ...hungho Com Net Co., Ltd. begins developing Teller Machines for banks. 1994 ICL, the IT services company, has designed the first bills dispenser(CD) with a bill paying facility. Over the years there has been a big c ontroversy on who actually invented the ATM first. The reason for this is because so umpteen people had the belief over the years and inventors created similar machines around the same time. Here are some of the ideas of who actually created the ATM first Luther George Simjian developed the idea in 1939, but he couldnt make a commercial success out of it.James Goodfellow of Scottland holds a patent from 1966 for a full service ATM. in that location is also John Shepherd-Barrons machine from Barclays Bank in London in 1967.Finally there is the more modern ATM from 1968 created by Don Witzel and his colleagues. (Automatic storyteller machine ATM. n.d.)

Comparing Webers and Durkheims Methodological Contributions to Sociol

Comparing Webers and Durkheims Methodological Contributions to Sociology This essay will be examining the methodological contributions both Durkheim and Weber have provided to sociology. It will in brief observe what Positivists are and how their methodologies influence and affect their look for. It will also consider what interpretative sociology is, and why their type of methodology is used when carrying out research. It will consider both Durkheims study of Suicide and also Webers study of The Protestant work ethic, and hopefully establish how each methodology was used for each set officular erect of research, and why. Emile Durkhiem, in sociology terminology is considered to be a Functionalist, in addition to also being a Positivist, however, strictly speaking, Durkheim was not a Positivist. This is because he did not get along the positivist rule that states that sociological study should be confined to observable or directly measurable pheno mena. Functionalists believe that in order for society to responsibility correctly, there need to be shared values to help maintain social order. Society is viewed as a stable, orderly system. This stable system is in equilibrium and reflects societal consensus where the majority of members share a common set of values, beliefs, and social expectations. Functionalists also believe that society consists of interrelated parts each part serves a function and contributes to the stability of the society. Positivists believe that as a science, sociology can be objective and value-free. Disinterested scientific observers shouldnt and dont necessarily introduce bias into the research process. ... ...our different types of suicide, and that most suicides can fall into one of those categories. Although sociologists like J.D. Douglas would question the reliability of the statistics, due to the coroners decision being final, most sociologists would agree that Du rkheims study into suicide was successful, and indeed many have tried to develop and improve on his theory. Overall, this essay has shown that one type of methodology may not always be suitable for the particular research carried out. Both Interpretative sociology and the Positivist approach equally show that they are valid methods for carrying out research, but like everything, energy is one hundred percent accurate. Therefore, there is always room for flaw, but in the study of Sociology, there is always room for more ways of obtaining and translation data.

The Ming Dynasty Essay -- Chinese Empire China History Essays

The Ming Dynasty The Chinese Empire was large and controlled most of Asia at 1 point in time. One of the dynasties that ruled the empire was the Ming Family. Ruling from 1368-1644, almost three hundred years, the Ming Dynasty impacted Chinese history very much. The purpose of this makeup is to tell the history of the Ming Dynastys impact on the Chinese Empire, and to explain why the Chinese Empire was in fact an empire. The Ming Dynasty had created an empire. They had the government, the military, and the economic system to locate it. At different points in time, The Chinese Empire was the greatest in the world, for trade, military, and other key factors in a society. The main reason for the creation of the Ming Dynasty was the crack up of theYuan dynasty. The word Ming means brilliant and bright. The creator and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty was Chu Yuan-chang, who later changed his name to suit him and his new government. Chu Yuan-chang was the youngest of t he Yuan dynasty and due to the collapse of the dynasty Chu neer got to rule, and was left as a peasant. So after the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, Chu created the Ming dynasty. Chus new name, Hongwu, was made to describe the new government that he cute to create. The name Hongwu means, Vast Military and it reflects the increased prestige of the military during his reign. Due to the fact that Hongwu was a peasant before his reign, he establishedrules and laws that applied entirely to those who were peasants. The laws sort of boosted their lives he kept the land tax low, and the granaries stocked to guard against famine. During his reign he also attempted and succeeded in building up the var. of those of the peasant and working class. Hongwus new government did not cause any change for those in other social classes. Hongwus reign affect the government of China greatly. In Hongwusgovernment, he felt that Principle was the diffusion of the imperial government.(www.travelchinag uide.com). So in order to correct the situation of the government, he tried to strengthen rule into absolute rule by emperor. One of the single most important innovations that Hongwu made to the Chinese government was the abolishment of the fountainhead Minister. By eliminating the Chief Minister, Hongwu essentially took over the administration. In a way he was proclaiming absolute... ...lmost all of Asia, and is the largest empire that Asia has seen. If the Chinese Empire is not considered a true up empire, then I will ask you this Why has the Chinese Empire been called one of the mostpowerful empires of its time?Author Unknown. Empires Past China Ming Dynasty. 9 Dec. 2004http//library.thinkquest.org/16325/c-min.html .Author Unknown. Ming China, 1368-1644. 9 Dec. 2004http//www.stockton.edu/gilmorew/consorti/2feasia.htm .Author Unknown. Ming China(1368-16440). 8 Dec. 2004 http//www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/ming.htm .Davis, Richard L. Ming Dynasty. 9 Dec. 2004http//w ww.virtualology.com.virtualmuesamofnatuarlhistory/hallofanthropology/china/themingdynasty.com/ . Hall, John Whitney and Rene Grousset. The Establishment of the Ming Dynasty. 1300s Headlines in History. San Diego Greenhaven Press Inc., 2001. 241-261Ming Dynasty(1368-16440 World Eras. gallant China. Volume 7, 2003Richard Hooker. Ming China. The Decline of the Ming. 8 Dec. 2004 http//www.wsu.edu800/dee/MING/DECLINE.htm .Richard Hooker. Ming China. Ming China. 8 Dec. 2004 http//www.wsu.edu800/dee/MING/MING.htm .

The Ming Dynasty Essay -- Chinese Empire China History Essays

The Ming Dynasty The Chinese Empire was large and controlled most of Asia at unity point in time. One of the dynasties that ruled the empire was the Ming Family. Ruling from 1368-1644, almost triad hundred years, the Ming Dynasty impacted Chinese history very much. The purpose of this paper is to tell the history of the Ming Dynastys impact on the Chinese Empire, and to explain why the Chinese Empire was in particular an empire. The Ming Dynasty had created an empire. They had the government, the military, and the economic system to prove it. At different points in time, The Chinese Empire was the greatest in the world, for trade, military, and different key factors in a society. The main reason for the creation of the Ming Dynasty was the collapse of theYuan dynasty. The word Ming means brilliant and bright. The creator and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty was Chu Yuan-chang, who later(prenominal) changed his name to suit him and his new government. Chu Yuan-ch ang was the youngest of the Yuan dynasty and due to the collapse of the dynasty Chu never got to rule, and was left as a peasant. So after the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, Chu created the Ming dynasty. Chus new name, Hongwu, was made to describe the new government that he wanted to create. The name Hongwu means, Vast Military and it reflects the increased prestige of the military during his triumph. Due to the fact that Hongwu was a peasant before his reign, he establishedrules and laws that applied only to those who were peasants. The laws sort of boosted their lives he kept the land tax low, and the granaries stocked to guard against famine. During his reign he also attempted and succeeded in building up the class of those of the peasant and working class. Hongwus new government did not cause whatsoever change for those in other social classes. Hongwus reign affected the government of China greatly. In Hongwusgovernment, he felt that Principle was the dispersion of the im perial government.(www.travel chinaguide.com). So in order to correct the situation of the government, he tried to strengthen rule into absolute rule by emperor. One of the champion most important innovations that Hongwu made to the Chinese government was the abolishment of the Chief Minister. By eliminating the Chief Minister, Hongwu essentially took over the administration. In a way he was proclaiming absolute... ...lmost all of Asia, and is the largest empire that Asia has seen. If the Chinese Empire is not considered a true empire, then I will ask you this Why has the Chinese Empire been called one of the mostpowerful empires of its time?Author Unknown. Empires Past China Ming Dynasty. 9 Dec. 2004http//library.thinkquest.org/16325/c-min.html .Author Unknown. Ming China, 1368-1644. 9 Dec. 2004http//www.stockton.edu/gilmorew/consorti/2feasia.htm .Author Unknown. Ming China(1368-16440). 8 Dec. 2004 http//www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/ming.htm .Davis, Richard L. Ming Dynasty. 9 Dec. 2004http//www.virtualology.com.virtualmuesamofnatuarlhistory/hallofanthropology/china/themingdynasty.com/ . Hall, John Whitney and Rene Grousset. The Establishment of the Ming Dynasty. 1300s Headlines in History. San Diego Greenhaven Press Inc., 2001. 241-261Ming Dynasty(1368-16440 World Eras. Imperial China. Volume 7, 2003Richard Hooker. Ming China. The Decline of the Ming. 8 Dec. 2004 http//www.wsu.edu800/dee/MING/DECLINE.htm .Richard Hooker. Ming China. Ming China. 8 Dec. 2004 http//www.wsu.edu800/dee/MING/MING.htm .

Rebuilding the Government: United States History Essay

Critical Essay One Gettysburg Address by Abraham capital of Nebraska Abraham capital of Nebraska, the sixteenth part president, was one of the most decorated commander-in-chiefs in the Statesn History, due to his unvarying push to mend our broken nation and move to the beginning. Nevertheless, many African the Statesns were hale to come to the States to be sold into sla very(prenominal) in 1619. While the preaching of slaves was very unfair and, in many cases, inhumane, and was plagued with a lifetime of sound work and humiliation, after a subaltern more than a hundred yearsPresident Lincoln took steps to not unaccompanied voice his soreness with slavery, but to do someaffair about it. It is because of this discomfort that Abraham Lincoln notably became known as political fgure that to end slavery. Four months after the bloody Battle of Gettysburg, Abraham Lincoln gave a address that would go down in history as one of the most influential savinges in American Historyl . The f amous speech condition by President Lincoln, the Gettysburg Address, had a specific purpose.It also allowed Lincoln to have a intricate effect on the American people as a whole, as well s urge each American to look at themselves critically and promote change. Because of this accomplishment, and many more, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of Americas best presidents2. An Analysis Gettysburg Address President Abraham Lincoln gave the speech, the Gettysburg Address, on November 19 1863 at the Soldiers National Cemetery in burg, Pennsylvania3 .There were 2 main purposes for him writing this speech to consecrate the cemetery at Gettysburg and start to rebuild a torn country4. Although President Lincolns speech was very short, sweet, and straight to the point, it was full of vital information that ould begin to reshape the American society. Lincoln starts his speech in a very unique by apply the term Four score and seven years ago, our founding fathers brought forth this continent 5. Lincoln acknowledges the founding fathers that had discovered America eighty-seven years foregoing to the day he gave the speech.Due to Lincolns wording, this phrase became one of the most well-known and celebrated parts of the Gettysburg Address Although Lincoln does not fabricate a direct statement encouraging his audience to believe that he was talking about slavery, hrough the use of context clues, one can derive that this takings was definitely heavy on his heart while making his speech. Furthermore, one could argue that since slaves were not treated equalizely, Lincoln used the statement of supposed American equality to remind Americans of the true foundations that America was built upon.As Lincoln continues with his speech, he began to move on to the second reason for the speech consecrating the cemetery at Gettysburg. He accomplished this by talking about how the battlegrounds at Gettysburg should be in value of the thousands that had lost heir lives for the citizens of America. Dedicating the battlegrounds to those that lose their lives was the start of how America would honor troops the fallen and the soldiers left behind. This was a sign of respect and appreciation for all of the troops that fought during this battle.One last profound statement that Lincoln mentions in his speech is that the government of the people, by the people and for the people. 7 Many presidents after Lincoln have quoted this part of the Gettysburg Address, but have fallen short, in some instances, of taking the statement as a blueprint for heir presidency and using it to help them facilitate a more well-rounded country in which the government and the people of the country are on one accord. However, the statement was supposed to suggest that the government is a group of individuals that will root by the American people and work for them for the cave in good of the country.While the speech had many technical terms and references to the government and political leader s of the country, Lincoln was actually trying to reach a very diverse audience that spanned from governmental figures, to surviving soldiers, to the general American public. Abraham Lincoln will forever be embedded in history for delivering a presidency filled with work that was geared towards the best interest of the American people. Lincoln took the seat at a very difficult time in Americas early history, which was the Civil War.Lincoln made sure that after the war, that America rebuilds itself. One thing from Lincolns iconic speech that is not forgotten is all men are created equal. In todays society, all people are grant the same freedoms and equalities. It could be said that Lincolns speech though was given in 1863 was the start of the Civil Rights movement in a sense. Even though it was only around 270 words, The Gettysburg Address was a speech with many cognitive contents8. These powerful words, spoken by an influential president, was sure to promote change and equality thr oughout America eventually.Critical Essay 2 l Have a Dream Speech by Martin Luther superpower There has been many influential figures in American History that have provided the American people with promising messages of hope and equality for all people. One of the most influential fgures of the twenty century was Dr. Martin Luther fairy younger This time period was marked by the Civil Rights Movement, which was a movement hat prompted a group of individuals to fght for the equality of African Americans. This is because African Americans were granted better economic status after World War II but were still a disadvantaged group. Dr. King started his non-violence approach to civil rights by first leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The purpose of the boycotts was to allow seating to be based on a first come, first serve basis, as advocated by Dr. King. Fueled by the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat to a Caucasian passenger resulted in her arrest. later her arrest, the ourt ruled out the fact that segregated seating was not lawful according to the constitution. The next step that King took was founding the Southern Christian Leadership, which worked to give the sack segregation.One of Dr. Kings ultimate goals were to unite the broken communities through bonds of Christian love. In 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. graced America with a speech that expressed a profound optimism of equality for all individuals in America and his own dreams and hopes for better days. The speech was entitled l Have a Dream. His speech changed the face of America orever, even though equality for African Americans did not occur over night. It is important to consider the message with respect to the time period in which the speech is given. Dr.King hoped for a better society as a whole His speech was not solely in regards to the equality for African Americans, he wanted equality for all Americans in general. Analysis l have A Dream Speech by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. s speech entitled I nave a Dream was given in Washington DC at the Lincoln Memorial. King starts his entranceway by eferring back to Abraham Lincolns Gettysburgs Address Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow as we give birth today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. 10 King refers to Abraham Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation because it helped free slaves. However, he called out the fallacies in Lincolns speech by making note of the fact that Negroes still were not free, one hundred years after slavery had officially ended. ll During this time period, African Americans onerousness came in the form of segregation and discrimination. Before delving into the heart of his speech, King mentions how the government had failed he African American population by pacifying them false promises and policies after the abolition of slavery.King states, America has given the Negro people a bad check a chec k which has come back marked insufficient funds. 12 This means, America did not grant Negros with the same equality and opportunities as Caucasians, or any other race during this time. Although the government policies banned slavery and poor treatment of African Americans, these policies had also failed the African American population by not making sure that the policies were strictly enforced. In his speech, King answers the critics when they asked, When will ou be snug? 13 King gives a comprehensive list of things that would satisfy African Americans, as a whole. He mentions police brutalities and the unfair economic statutes of African Americans. King wanted to instill into the minds of the African American people that they should not be satisfied with these injustices, but fght against them in a non-violent way. Before King began to conduct the l have a Dream portion of his speech he ensured the African American people that their efforts had not taken place in vain and that the y should not give up hope for better days Dr.King began his speech by telling his audience that his dream is deeply rooted in the sought after American Dream14. King mentions this because he wants Americas people to believe the vales, morals, and core roots on which America was established. It was important to him to continuously advocate his never-ending hope that African Americans would obtain the American Dream, Just as other American citizens of other races had done. In his speech, Dr. King mentions how all men are created equal and how the color of ones skin should not factor into ones ability to obtain equality. Martin Luther King Jr. phasizes that one day little black and white children will Join hands and be as brothers and sistersl 5. Although he refers to only two primary races, his words can be apply to children of all races. He references children because they are the future and ultimately look to them to become the generation of change. King recites the lyrics to My country Tis of Thee because he wanted to clearly deliver the message that America is supposed to be a land of freedom and opportunities for all. By using one of Americas most prominent, national songs, King showcased that he had not lost faith in America as a whole.

Infant and Child Development Essay

This assignment will critically review Howlett, Kirk and Pines (2011) take apart, which aims to investigate whether attendance of gesturing kinfolkes affects paternal focal point. Howlett et al. , (2011) attempt to examine claims, advertised by commercial products, that believe tending gesturing classes can improve child-p arent communications, thus reducing parental speech pattern. Participants gave demographic information and end a Parenting Stress Index (psi) questionnaire.ANCOVA was utilize to look at whether attending gesturing classes affected parental stress, mothers attending a gesture group and mothers attending a non gesture group were compared with sibling status and birth order controlled. Researchers found that mothers who attended babe gesture classes had higher stress scores than mothers who had attended non-gesturing classes. From these findings the sideline claims are made that mothers in the gesture group had higher preexisting stress than in the non gestu re group, * that mothers attended gesturing classes in an attempt to alleviate their pre-existing stress, * that gesturing classes may cause mothers to view their child ostracisely. This critique will firstly give up an overall evaluation of the word with reference to specialitys and weaknesses found. Flaws will as well as be highlighted with suggestion to how these could be rectified. Points of detail in the evaluation will then be expanded and conclusions discussed.Overall evaluation First and foremost, the overall presentation of the article appears to lack in structure and organisation this results in a lack of flow and clarity. In the introduction, the research question and key definitions of interest (i. e. gesture, non gesture and stress) are not discussed at the beginning. Characteristics of non gesturing mothers are instead firstly menti wholenessd in the discussion section. The outline of categories in the priming coat demographic questionnaire should view as been made certain to readers in the methodology.Furthermore, in the results, findings from the study should assume been stated in the opening paragraph. A fundamental flaw consistent throughout the article regards its lack of comfortable detail in ensuring strength of argument. In the introduction and discussion more research is needed in relation to how and why parental stresses occur to life findings. Furthermore unjustified claims are apply to sustain argument which questions the legality of the research. The lack of detail regarding the trouble of study also instigates ambiguity.More information is also needed about the procedure of the study so as to allow for replication. Further details as to how these flaws can be rectified are discussed later. innate flaws are apparent regarding the non-random sample used and the lack of baseline stress measures. As no baseline pre-test has been conducted authors claims, as stated previously, can only be based on speculation. More inform ation is provided on these flaws in the latter section. Strengths highlighted in the article include the demographic information provided.This information is useful as it allows for oecumenicalisation of results by ensuring groups are appropriately matched and offers useful information for future research in the region. (Keith, 2010). Furthermore the PSI questionnaire used, is well validated (Colver, 2006) using a creditable measuring instrument like this increases the reliability of the study. Moreover, the correct statistical test has been used, ANCOVA, and results are also provided with appropriate information. Abstract and Introduction The abstract fails to provide a rationale for the study as this is unclear, readers may misjudge the subject matter.There is also no description of the stimuli used the blind drunking of gesturing is unexplained. Authors should elaborate upon what they mean by gesturing so as to annul misinterpretation. However, principal findings and design me asures used in the study are stated. The introduction appears to lack in structure and organisation. No initial description of research question with reference to what it attempts to demonstrate is present this is firstly mentioned in the third paragraph. Furthermore, authors first provide a definition of gesturing in midpoint of this section.Considering this topic is the phenomenon of the study it would have been more appropriate to be stated at the beginning, rather than after the discussion of the benefits of gesturing this may pr sluicet misinterpretation. Although an definition of non-gesturing is provided in the discussion section, it would also be helpful for readers if it were include in the introduction this enables differentiation between the two conditions. Similarly, a definition of the authors interpretation of stress could have been stated at the start in ensuring readers clarity of terms. There is also no statement of hypothesis. nd authors do not provide a rationale or historical backdrop, therefore it lacks in significance and does not substantially contribute to the literature.Moreover, research discussed appears to be framed as a ordinary review of literature and set out in list form with a lack of evaluation. For example, research has been described in relation to a study that has found no relationship between gesturing and linguistic benefits in sisters (Kirk, Howlett, Pine and Fletcher), however it has not been evaluated or linked to the aims of the study. Furthermore, there are limited findings provided relating to the negative aspects of gesturing.Considering the paper is directed towards whether these classes affect parental stress, more research should be discussed in relation to the disapproval of gesturing classes, to support findings in the article. In addition, the article has included different research examples to support their view that parental stress can inhibit parent-child relationships, however there is no development i n argument of how or why these stresses occur. To rectify, in ensuring clarity, more detail should be provided whereby these examples should be put in context with direct reference to the research question.Moreover, unjustified claims have been used in an attempt to sustain argument for example, Howlett et al. , (2011) highlight advertising claims that baby sign will reduce parental frustration and stress have dwarfish empirical foundation. As this statement is not explained, it may seem misleading and as an ineffective use of argument. There is also no valid reference provided. In improving the structure and validity of their argument, authors should use evidence from influential papers to provide further detail in supporting their claims.The direction of study also appears ambiguous as authors switch between terms when stating the aim of the research. It is unclear whether authors are focusing on gesturing affecting stress or gesturing reducing stress. Howlett et al. , (2011) fir stly state, there are valid reasons to suggest that gesturing with an infant could reduce parental stress, this paper evaluates that claim, (p. 438) they inhabit by stating, this research investigates whether gesturing with an infant affects parenting stress (p438).One clear statement of what is being intended to measure needs to be used throughout the article so as to avoid confusion. The final paragraph includes a vague definition of variables whereby readers are left to determine their own assumptions. For example, it is stated that the absolute frequency and duration of gesture use was used to measure the relationship between gesture use and stress, however it is unclear at this stage whether authors are implying gesturing in terms of when mothers attended gesturing classes or their general use of gesturing in and out of classes.The PSI is outlined, however researchers have not explained its benefits or why it have been use this may leave readers questioning its credibility. F urthermore, it is cardinal for researchers to include a statement of predictions, however this is not present. Methodology The authors recruited 178 participants (mothers) from the south-east of England the sample size represents regional prepossession as mothers solely attending gesturing classes in this region is not representative of the whole country. Age range of infants used in the study is firstly mention in this section.It is stated infants ranged between 3 and 36months however research discussed in the introduction only refers to the importance of gesturing from 9 months. Therefore authors have not justified the relevance of focusing on infants junior than 9 months in certifying readers understanding, this could have been mentioned in the introduction. Authors have stated the measuring instruments used in the study. A strength regards the sufficient detail provided about the PSI booklet examples of typical features such as the subscales of both the child and parent domai ns have been described.However no further details are provided about the background demographics questionnaire categories are presented in the results section, however, it would be helpful for readers if details were included in this section. The potential confounding effects of using self-report questionnaires should also be noted. Social desirableness bias may be apparent whereby participants may respond in a favourable light mothers may not want to admit they are experiencing difficulties and respond untruthfully.Furthermore, as questionnaires are standardised, ambiguous questions cannot be explained this may lead participants to misinterpret questions. Motivation for parents to complete questionnaires may also be scarce, resulting in little responses. In helping overcome these difficulties, authors could have stated whether participants were assured about why the information was collected and how the results will be beneficial if participants knew the importance of their respo nses and were informed that negative responses were equally as helpful as positive, it may have made them want to answer more honestly.A fundamental flaw in methodology regards the fact that authors have not measured parental stress levels before conducting study. As there is no baseline stress measures prior to class attendance, there is no way of knowing if gesturing classes caused an increase in stress or what would have happened regardless of the implementation of the program to rectify, researchers should use a pre-test methodology. Furthermore, other weakness in the methodology regards the fact that no ethic considerations are discussed.For example, authors could have included whether participant confidentiality was taken into account and whether de- abbreviateding was offered subsequent to the study to respondents who may have expressed signs of upset. Description of procedures appears to lack in detail whereby there is no sequential pattern to how the research was carried out. There is also no preciseness in relation to what is investigated, to whom, and under what conditions. For example, Howlett et al. , (2011) state contact was made with the infant groups (p. 39) more information should be provided such as how and when participants were contacted.Furthermore, no information is provided on how many classes parents had attended before the study or when the questionnaires took place more sufficient detail is needed so as to allow replication and in ensuring consistency. There are also issues surrounding the amount of time participants were given to complete the PSI it is stated the questionnaire takes approximately 30 minutes to complete, however, the procedure of line of battle differed between participants.Some gave completed questionnaires to a group leader, others were returned by post the same conditions should be applied to all participants in ensuring standardisation. In addition, authors have not provided details of data collection or analys is undergone in the study to avoid ambiguity it is important to include where the scores used in the analyses have derived from. An apparent fundamental flaw in the procedure relates to the fact that participants were not randomly allocated to the two groups in the study randomisation is important as it eliminates sources of bias and ensures unpredictability.To rectify, random selection of mothers from a population could participate in the study. Results The beginning paragraph of the results is too vague the hypothesis is not stated and no information on what statistical tests were used is provided. Furthermore, what the study found has not been not stated it is firstly mentioned half way through this section. However, a strength in the article regards the demographic information provided for the two groups of mothers. Hours a week mothers work, maternal education, family income and siblings were included.It also highlights the similarities and equivalence between the two groups, m aking the interpretation of results valid. Another strength to this study regards the fact that researchers have applied the correct statistical tests. Two analyses of ANCOVA were conducted to measure the differences between the gesturing and non gesturing groups PSI scores. ANCOVA is appropriate to use as it allows to compare one variable (PSI stress scores) in two or more groups (gesture group and non gesture group) ith consideration for variability of other variables covariates (sibling status was used as a covariate in the first ANCOVA and birth order in the second). Controlling sibling status and birth order stops these conditions being confounding variables and ensures validity. As sibling status and birth control covariates have been controlled, it may have been more beneficial for readers if authors made aware of these strategies used prior to the results section as there is no discussion relating to siblings until this point.Results found from ANCOVA also confirm to readers exactly what the researchers were intending to measure after confusion from the introduction, uncertainties are clarified and findings explain that the focus is upon whether attending gesturing classes affects parental stress. Results are also provided with adequate information whereby the obtained F value, df and level of significance have been stated. Furthermore researchers are correct in using a Pearsons r correlation in confirming results which is used to see if there is a correlation between at two continuous variables.By doing so, it was found that there was no relationship between how long or often gesture groups mothers had been gesturing with their infant, and the mothers total stress scores. Therefore mothers stress levels were unrelated to frequency and duration. Furthermore, in this section descriptive statistics have been provided in two separate tables. In Table One, which shows the mean (S. D) stress scores for each tip on the PSI by group, data does not seem to be explained in full. The scale used is unclear and readers have not been informed on the system used whereby there is confusion as to what the numbers mean.Tables 2 which shows the summary of two ANCOVA results, is more coherent as a brief description is displayed underneath describing the covariates. Discussion In this section, yet again, the aim of the research remains unclear it is stated the aim of the study was to investigate the impact of gesturing with an infant upon parental stress (p442), authors need to be more specific in their interpretation of gesturing, whether they are referring to attendance of gesturing classes or general use of gesturing is uncertain.Possible explanations for findings have been discussed, such as the view that there may have been a difference between gesturing and non gesturing mothers due to gesturing mothers feeling more stressed prior to the study. Authors continue by suggesting these mothers chose to attend gesturing classes because of these fee lings of stress in hope that they would help. However, authors claims can only be seen as speculation as no baseline measurement was used.It should be noted that researchers have evaluated their findings and acknowledged that as baseline measures are not present, no assumptions can be made as to why mothers who attended gesturing classes had increase stress levels compared to non gesturing mothers or whether they were more stressed before attending the classes. Due to the lack of solid findings, like in the introduction, groundless claims have been used in an effort to uphold argument in explaining mothers cause of stress.For example, it is stated mothers have high aspirations for their child and the parenting industry may, albeit unwittingly, foster maternal insecurities(p443) no justification has been provided for this claim. Moreover, spare research is needed to support the authors concluding claims that attending gesturing classes may be detrimental and effect mothers perceptio n of their infant in a negative light. solo Hysons (1991) study relating to mothers who induced academically focused activities on preschool children has been used as evidence to back up this claim, this does not justify the authors inflated claims.To conclude, even though this article has used creditable measuring instruments and appropriate statistical tests, Howlett et als claims can only be seen as speculation as no pre-test baseline is used. No findings can be validated without measuring the stress levels of mothers prior to class attendance, whether increase in stress has occurred due to attending gesturing classes in unknown. For future recommendations, authors could use a baseline measures to test mothers stress scores prior to the study.

Employee Resourcing Essay

Their business approach and culture is very divers(prenominal) from other competitors. Examples of their different culture are no dress code, flexible working hours and spending lavishly on the recruitment process. A turn of events 700, mostly young employees work down the stairs Trilogy and its Director of college recruiting Mr. Jeff Daniel expects the employees to commit their expertise and vitality to everything they do. Trilogy has an expensive and aggressive employee recruitment strategy that includes training at the companys Trilogy University. The new employees joined will undergo an intensive training program at their in-house training facility known as Trilogy University. Recruiters tend to select the ambitious, over achievers with entrepreneurial instincts from the campus recruitment method being the freshers in the job market. Trilogys recruitment interviews are said to be very intense at the identical time an interview day will end with lot of adventure and fun acti vities for both recruiters and interviewers, which makes a strong bond between new comers and the managers.For Trilogy recruiting is not just a high priority its a company-wide mission. Its mission is to recruit the best of the best?. For that reason Trilogy uses very costly recruiting techniques The Company played out $13,000 per hire with 262 college graduates were selected from short listed 4000 candidates, and this short listing was from 15000 applications Q1. Identify some of the established recruiting techniques that underlie Trilogys unconventional approach to attracting talent? The company Trilogy, aggressively pursues the least(prenominal) experienced people in the job market.At many college campuses island wide, in career fairs and computer-science departments, looking for students who represent what Daniel calls whom are expected to totally commit their expertise and vitality in everything they do. In other words, he looks for young, talented over achievers with entrepr eneurial ambition people. The top managers, including CEO of the company, conduct the first round ofinter views, letting all applicants know that it would be hard, but rewarding experience.

Despotism: Political Philosophy and 14th Century Essay

The Renaissance developed a unexampled and unique traffic pattern of politics referred to as Despotism. Despotism is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power. The single ruling entity may be an individual, as in an autocracy, or it may be a group, as in an oligarchy. The great Renaissance historian John Addington Symonds refers to the 14th and 15th Centuries in Italy as the Age of the Despots. It was under the tyrannies, in the midst of all the wars and revolutions, that the Italians were given the chance to develop their peculiar individuality.This individuality determined the qualities of the Renaissance and affected Europe as a whole. Italy, due to their unique form of politics, was subject to lead the way in the tuition of Western races, and was the first to distinguish Classical and Medieval life. The conditions that led to this new form of Political government were typical to Italian urban life. By the 14th Century, Italy was divided into m any principalities surrounding city-States.The cities were an integral part of life in Italy due to commerce, and Italians were the first to reap the benefits of new and increasing trade due to their favorable geographic position in the Mediterranean Sea. Because there was a constant political and class struggle in the cities, Italy lacked a central authority of power. In cities such as Florence, Pisa, and Milan, the age-old rival between Pope and Emperor played itself out. The Guelph party supported the Pope, age the Ghibbiline party supported the Emperor.Civil wars were fought in the cities and ended with a despotism system of ruling, either with an oligarchy or an autocracy. The forming of these authorities was crucial, because peace is essential for trade, and the surplus wealthiness from commerce is what led to the growth or art and literature, which began the Renaissance. The despots, who were the powerful rulers during despotism, were not from traditional dynasties, and the refore they reached their positions of power in various other ways.Some were establish by the Holy Roman Emperor to assert his rule, as was the font for the Visconti of Milan in the 14th Century. Other despots were hired soldiers, who later became rulers of the cities they were hired to protect, as was the case for the Sforzas in Milan in the 15th Century. Some despots were elected Mayor of their towns, some controlled their towns elections- as the Medici family in Florence did, and some despots ruled solely because they were the sons and nephews of Popes. payable to their various ways of discovering power, the despot was usually not from a traditional dynasty, and therefore they did not have the traditional loyalty of the people. Each despot had to gain the loyalty of the people either through a winning personality, or by being clever in the political game. The Despotic court had to frozen its own rules, which were eventually written down in the Book of the Courtier, which beca me the guide book for the courts of Early Modern Europe. The most important and the most influential ladder dealing on Despotism is Machiavellis The Prince, and Machiavelli is considered by some to be the father of modern Power Politics.The Italian Renaissance was essentially a mind-set, a collection of powerful attitudes and beliefs. The development of despotism pacified the country from the chaos of their constant civil wars, and allowed them peace, which was essential for trade. As commerce reopened, people began traveling freely, and the level of education began to rise as well as the amount of books that were read. This soon led to an overwhelming growth of literature and art, of which the Renaissance is famous for.

Apple Board of Directors

Lydia Butler Board of Directors Apple A. Board of Directors 1. William V. Campbell Chairman Intuit, Inc. (external) 1983 Tim Cook chief operating officer Apple (internal) 2011 Millard S. Drexler Chairman and Chief Executive police officer J. Crew (external) 1999 Albert Gore, Jr. Former Vice President of the United States (external) 2003 Andrea Jung Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Avon Products, Inc. (external) 2008 Arthur D. Levinson, Ph. D. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Genentech, Inc. (external) 1980 Ronald D. Sugar, Ph. D. Former Chairman and chief executive officer Northrop Grumman Corporation (external) 2010 2.Members of the board do in fact own stock in Apple including Tim Cook who was given 1 million shares when he became CEO. 3. From search online I found that most Board members had a mix of both human race and restricted stock depending on the person. 4. All of the board members are seasoned CEOs of their own corporations, many of which have been the best of their expertise for decades and served on many other boards. 5. The year each member of the board joined is adjacent to their names. 6. Members of the board do not only rubber stamp direction decisions but are also excited to use their talents and ideas to further better the company.For example, in his bio on Apple. com, it is stated about that Ron Sugar that In addition to having been the CEO of a high-tech Fortune 100 company, Ron has a Ph. D. in engineering and has been involved in the development of some very sophisticated technology. CORPORATE politics A. Board of Directors 1. Who is on the board? Are they internal or external members? 2. Do they own significant shares of stock? 3. Is the stock privately held or in public traded? Are there different classes of stock with different voting rights? 4.What do the board members contribute to the corporation in terms of knowledge, skills, background, and connections? If the corporation has international operations, do board membe rs have international experience? 5. How long have members served on the board? 6. What is their level of involvement in strategic management? Do they nevertheless rubber-stamp top managements proposals, or do they actively participate and suggest future directions? You have a good start here, but additional information and research would have been nice to see. Be sure to provide and cite your references. 80/100

Customer Relationship Marketing Essay

To recognize CRM (Customer Relationship Marketing) in hotel industry (millenary Seoul Hilton), and focus on the splendour of committal thickenings who bring on most of organization profit by developing of thickening recognition and rewards program.IntroductionBackgroundThe growing realization that belongings the nodes you have is as important as customer acquisition, has come about because of the cost involved in attracting new customers. This realization has evolved into arrest a customers biography values (F Buttle, 1996). By doing this, you can be selective about who you try to keep as well as who you want to attract.Some scholars maintain that customer retention affects the bottom line. They further suggest that a 5% increase in customer retention would create a 125% increase in profit (F Buttle, 1996).Customer kind management can be regarded as the art of employing rhetorical, experimental and personal information in order to personalize customers plosive speech so und while creating incremental revenue opportunities (F Buttle, 1996). So for example, knowing that a customer had a less than memorable experience in the hotel provides the hotel manager with a meet to win them back the next time they argon in town.ObjectivesBy use of customer race management, the hotel can develop a wide guest profiles for reservation information. This demonstrates to guests that the hotel is in touch with their necessitys. It can also drive customer-centric data down to the transaction level, thereby all in allowing the workers and the guest-facing technology to deliver greater value to the customers (F Buttle, 1996). Further, customer relationship management can create a realistic profile on the spending and stay patterns of the guests, thereby allowing the hotel to formulate guest-centric marketing for increased loyalty and spending (F Buttle, 1996).The idea of cherry picking valuable clients and directing more resources to these clients has gained tremend ous significance in the hotel industry. Clients communication are much(prenominal) that account managers on a regular basis network on the clients to learn that they are happy in the way contracts are proceeding, and close relationship are build up. Therefore, my research objective is to understand the significance of customer relationship marketing in hotel industry, with criteria as follows To examine customer relationship marketing. To evaluate the importance of loyalty guests who brings on most of organization profits. To illustrate the importance of developing of a guest recognition and reward programs in hotel industry.AimsThis research paper forget aim to identify and critically surveil the theories of customer relationship marketing in a hotel industry. It will also aim to critically evaluate procedures of customer communication instruments used in the millenary Seoul Hilton. The paper will further examine the limitation of communication of customers relation tools used as well as providing the recommendation and acknowledging the advantages of employing these customer relationship marketing tools.Literature ReviewThe main idea behind relationship marketing is to build a strong relationship with customers in order to take hold them instead of concentrating efforts on recruiting new one. There are various factors which influence customer retention. They include high quality products in order to encourage reduplicate purchase and valuing customers needs with loyalty, which can be generated by excellent customer service (F Buttle, 1996). Moreover, taking long-term marketing decisions for instance, continuous gain or innovation to keep ahead of customers needs is important in retaining customers. Further, frequent customers contact to establish their profiles in order to ensure accurate customer targeting of goods, services and information, can be of a great helper in creating customer loyalty (F Buttle, 1996).For this sermon, the main areas which need to be cogitate on are marketing process, situation analysis, marketing strategy, marketing mix decision, and implementation and control, whereby the works of many authors in these fields will be explored. Studies and researches which has been finished by these authors brings great publications resources to the importance of relationship marketing focus on customer, which constitutes customer relationship marketing, customer trust and commitment, customer loyalty as well as guest loyalty program approaches and general frame work for developing and managing a good customer base. For example, there are literature studies and/or research made on hotels Intercontinental, Meritus Mandarin, Holiday Inn, and Norfolk hotel among others which allows this dissertation to represent the model group.This dissertation will be explored on the themes of the importance of customer relationship management as it affects customer loyalty by developing of guest recognition and rewards program. A nother important theme which will be investigated in the dissertation is how a hotel can utilize relationship marketing to retain its customers. These main themes will be explored by use of works written by scholars and all that in the field of customer service and customer care.MethodologyMy dissertation will apply both qualitative and quantitative research methods. A comprehensive literature review and depth interrogates will be carried out as part of my quantitative research.For primary research, depth interview is selected for my study, as it focuses on hotel industry where emphasize should be placed on peoples values and attitudes. Therefore, it is a good way to explore the importance of customer relationship management, and understanding the process of implementing strategies to build a strong customer base in a hotel industry.This would also bring more intensive understanding to my research, and the required respondent(s) should be specialists in customer relationship market ing in hotel industries. Moreover, purviews/questionnaires will also be carried out to understand the significance of customer relationship marketing in creating a strong customer base, according to incompatible people from different background in todays world.A case study of Millennium Seoul Hilton will be researched. This is because it is a well known hotel by many travelers, and therefore will provide travelers and business customers for me to obtain different perceptual experience according to different backgrounds, age and gender. Moreover, the staff of the Millennium Seoul Hilton will also be part of sample population There will be four age groups that is 1726, 27 6, 39-46, and 47-56 with a total of 200 respondents. unoriginal research data will be collected through different established resources, such as textbooks, journals, articles and internet in the way of literature review. This is because secondary research will validate my dissertation and support to justify my rea sons and findings.Secondary data will be used first to conduct the research, before conducting primary research. This will be done because secondary data may represent information that is essential for conducting this research. Secondary research can allow collection of general information such as overview of Renaissance Seoul hotel, service to guests, guest room department, GRO for receiving VIPs, Marriot Rewards, Westin Chosun Hotel, and outlook of Intercontinental Hotel among others, which can be difficult and expensive to gather via primary research.LimitationsThe main practical difficult in this research will be the challenge to find the right person for depth interview. In order to fulfill research objectives, the responder must be an individual who is a specialist in customer relationship marketing, specifically in the hospitality industry. This is because such individuals are familiar with the strategies, challenges and solutions which can help me go through my dissertation . However, such individuals have a higher reputation and usually have tight schedule and would be also be hard to each.Further, I am not familiar with specialists who are in the field of customer relationship management. Another challenge is choosing Millennium Seoul Hilton as a place to conduct study and questionnaires. This is because 200 sample is required to validate my research, and would be a great challenge to accomplish this myself due to concern of time, organizing and conducting this survey. Moreover, it is also difficult to ask for help in conducting this research because the possibility in which I am able to hire few people to assist me will be costly.Additionally, individual who are asked may not be willing to respond according to the question asked, cooperates and/or even participate in this study. Confidentiality issues for the respondents participating in the survey/questionnaire would be kept as anonymous due to Data Protection Act. This is not required in this stu dy.There are no specific ethical issues which need to be considered. This is due to the fact that the survey/questionnaire is not targeting any groups and/or specific persons.Finding and AnalysisThe data which should be collected through survey/questionnaire for this research will be analysed and coded in SPSS system. This is comprehensive statistical software that includes capabilities for data analysis, data management and programming (Malhotra N & Birks D, 2005). Additionally, it enables analysists and researchers to uncover key facts, patterns and trends. The interview would be assessed using analysis of verbal data, dividing the whole interview into section of main focused area along the answer from the respondents.The information collected through surveys/questionnaire will be used for descriptive purposes of identifying the relationship between customer relationship marketing and retention of customers according to age, gender and occupation, whereby correlation analysis and descriptive statistics would be utilized (Malhotra N & Birks D, 2005).Descriptive statistics is used to describe and summarize the basic features of data collection using a combination of techniques, such as graphical, tabular and summary (Malhotra N & Birks D, 2005). In the findings of analyzed data through different analysis techniques, I would support my development of the dissertation.

Immobilization of Amylase on Magnetic Nanoparticles Essay

Abstract-amylase was immobilized covalently on iron oxide charismatic nano fragments. The synthesis of magnetized nanoparticles was done by the coprecipitation stodgy system. The chemical composition and particle size of the synthesized particles was confirmed via X-ray diffraction. Tyrosine, Lucien and chitosan and glutaraldehyde were investigated to make a covalent binding between the iron oxide magnetic core and the immobilized enzyme. immobilizing employ chitosan and glutaraldehyde show the best result. Finally the immobilization efficiency was tested by determination of protein concentration in a solution before and after(prenominal) mixing with the magnetic nanoparticles.IntroductionIn the last two decades, new terms with the prefix nano have rushed into the scientific vocabulary nanoparticle, nanostructure, nanotechnology, nanomaterial, nanocluster, nanochemistry, nanocolloids, nanoreactor and so on. Nanoparticles, be defined as particulate dispersions with a size in th e range of 10-100nm (Gubin et al, 2005). Magnetic nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in the last long time both for basic research and applied studies. The use of magnetic nanostructures has been proven in biochemistry, biomedicine, and waste treatment among other fields. This broad range of applications is based on the fact that magnetic particles have very large magnetic moments, which allow them to be transported and driven by external magnetic fields. The magnetic nanostructures have alike a great potential in biotechnological processes taking into account that they trick be utilized as a carrier for enzymes during distinguishable biocatalytic transformations (Dussn et al, 2007).Different types of biomolecules such as proteins, enzymes, antibodies, and anticancer agents can be immobilized on these nanoparticles. Magnetic supports for immobilization purpose are either prepared by incorporating magnetic particles during the synthesis of the supporting polymer or ma gnetic particles itself be coated with common support materials such as dextran or agarose. Recently, a new mode for the come in binding of proteins on magnetic nanoparticles via carbodiimide activation was proposed (Ren et al, 2011).Immobilization is one of the efficient methods to improve enzyme stability. There are various methods for immobilization of enzymes on m whatsoever different types of supports. It can be a chemical method in which ionic or covalent bond formations occur between the enzyme and the carrier, or it can be a physical method, such as adsorption or entrapment of the enzyme in or on a solid support material. Magnetic nanoparticles as immobilization materials have advantage based on its property and size that make it desirable for using it in various applications (Mateo et al, 2007). Iron oxide nanoparticles, Fe3O4, are one of the widely used types of magnetic nanoparticles and have great potential for applications in biology and medicine due to their water tight magnetic properties and low toxicity (Jalal et al, 2011)Review of belles-lettresI) Magnetic nanoparticlesThe historical development of nanoparticles starting with Paul Ehrlich and then first attempts by Ursula Scheffel and colleagues and the extensive work by the group of Professor Peter Speiser at the ETH Zrich in the late 1960s and early 1970s (Jrg Kreuter 2007). They are solid particles with a size from 10 to 100nm which can be manipulated using magnetic field. Such particles commonly consist of magnetic elements such as iron, nickel and cobalt. They have been used in catalysis, biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic particle imaging, data storage , environmental remediation and optical filters (Gubin et al, 2005).Magnetic nanoparticles as immobilization materials have the following advantages simple and inexpensive production, can be rel expertnessd in controlled manner, stable magnetic properties of complexed nanoparticles and easy isolation steps in short tim e. Among these materials, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles are the most commonly studied. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have good biocompatibility, strong superparamagnetism, low toxicity, and an easy preparation process, and their use in biosensors has already shown attractive prospects (Sheng-Fu Wang and Yu-Mei Tan, 2007).II) Magnetic core materialThere are many magnetic materials accessible with a wide range of magnetic properties. such as cobalt, chromium and iron oxide-based materials such as magnetite and maghemite. The suitable magnetic materials depend on applications the MNP will apply in (Dobson et al, 2007). Magnetite Fe3O4Magnetite is a common mineral which exhibits ferro (ferri) magnetic properties. The structure of magnetite belongs to the spinel group, which has a formula of AB2O4. Its ferromagnetic structures elevate from alternating lattices of Fe(II) and Fe(III). This gives it a very strong magnetization compared to naturally occurring antiferromagnetic compounds such as the ferrihydrite core of the ferritin protein (McBain et al, 2008). III) Synthesis of iron Magnetic nanoparticlesThere were many synthesis methods for magnetic nanoparticles one of these is Co-precipitation. This method may be the most promising one because of its simplicity and productivity (zhao et al., 2008). It is widely used for biomedical applications because of ease of implementation and need for less hazardous materials and procedures. Co-precipitation is specifically the precipitation of an unbound antigen along with an antigen-antibody complex in terms of medicine (Indira and Lakshmi, 2010).The reaction principle is just asFe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 8OH Fe (OH)2 + 2Fe(OH)3 Fe3O4 + 4H2O (Guo et al., 2009).Other method used for synthesis like Thermolysis of metal-containing compounds, synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles at a gas-liquid interface, synthesis in reverse micelles and sol-gel method (Gubin et al, 2005).IV) Characterization of MNPThere is no unique method for determina tion of the nanoparticle composition and dimensions as a rule, a set of methods including X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscope and widen X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) Spectroscopy are used (Gubin et al, 2005).X-Ray diffraction analysis of nanomaterial seldom produces diffraction patterns with a set of narrow reflections adequate for assignment of the composition of the particles they contain. Some X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit only two or three broadened peaks of the whole set of reflections typical of the given strain (Moroz 2011).In the deterrent example of larger particles (provided that high-quality X-ray diffraction patterns can be obtained), it is ofttimes possible not only to determine the phase composition but also to estimate, based on the reflection width, the size of coherent X-ray scattering areas, corresponding to the average crystallite (nanoparticle) size. This is usually done by the Scherer formula (Gubin et al, 2005).The nanoparticle dimensions are determined most often using Transmission electron microscope, which directly shows the presence of nanoparticles in the material under examination and their arrangement relative to one another. The phase composition of nanoparticles can be derived from electron diffraction patterns recorded for the same sample during the investigation. Note that in some cases, TEM investigations of dynamic processes are also possible. For example, the development of dislocations and disclinations in the nanocrystalline during the mechanochemical treatment has been discovered (Woehrle et al, 2000).More comprehensive information is provided by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, which allows one to study the structure of both the core and the shell of a nanoparticle with atomic resolution, and in some cases, even to determine their stoichiometric composition (Woehrle et al, 2000).The structures of non-crystalline samples are often studied by EXAFS spectroscopy. An import ant advantage of these methods is its selectivity, because it provides the radial dispersal (RDA) curve for the atoms of the local environment of the chosen chemical element in the sample. The interatomic distances (R) and coordination numbers (N) obtained by EXAFS are then compared with the known values for the particular phase (Gubin et al, 2005).Other methods are used more rarely to study the nanoparticle structures. Integrated research makes it possible to determine rather reliably the structures of simple nanoparticles however, determination of the structures of nanoparticles still of a core and a shell of different compositions are often faced with difficulties (Gubin et al, 2005).V) Stabilization of Magnetic NanoparticlesAlthough there have been many significant developments in the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles, maintaining the stability of these particles for a long time without agglomeration or precipitation is an important issue. Stability is a crucial requirement for almost any application of magnetic nanoparticles. Especially concentrated metals, such as Fe, Co, and Ni and their metal alloys, are very sensitive to gentle wind. Thus, the main difficulty for the use of pure metals or alloys arises from their instability towards oxidation in air, and the susceptibility towards oxidation becomes higher the smaller the particles are (Lu et al, 2007). Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient strategies to improve the chemical stability of magnetic nanoparticlesSurface Passivation by Mild OxidationA very simple approach to protect the magnetic particles is to induce a controlled oxidation of a pure metal core, a technique long known for the passivation of air-sensitive supported catalysts. This oxidation can be achieved by various methods (Peng et al, 1999).For example, Peng et al. developed a method for oxidizing gas-phase nanoparticles by using a plasma-gas-condensation-type cluster deposition apparatus. Demonstrated that very good cont rol over the chemical state of the cobalt nanoparticles was achieved by their word-painting to an oxygen plasma. The control of the oxide layer has a tremendous impact on exchange-biased systems, where a well-defined thickness of the ferromagnetic core and the anti-ferromagnetic shell are desirable. Moreover, a direct correlation of the structure and magnetism in the small particles can be determined. developed a mild oxidation method, using synthetic air to smoothly oxidize the as-synthesized cobalt nanoparticles to form a stable outer layer which can stabilize the nanoparticles against further oxidation (Peng et al, 1999).Other methods Matrix-Dispersed Magnetic Nanoparticles, ascorbic acid Coating, Silica Coating , Precious-Metal Coating and Surfactant and Polymer CoatingTypical strategies for immobilizing catalysis enzyme onto MNPs rely on surface grafting via low molecular weight down linkers or polymers containing amino or epoxy functional groups to which enzyme are reacted via covalent conjugation methods (Ren et al, 2011).Due to their high specific surface area and easy breakup from the reaction medium by the use of a magnetic field, they have been employed in enzymatic catalysis applications ex amylase EC 3.2.1 (Ren et al, 2011).The maximum describe loading capacity of amylase is approximately 81.97 mg/g (Akta et al, 2011). One drawback of existing immobilization technologies is that the activity of enzyme decreases significantly upon immobilization due possibly to changes in enzyme alternative structure, or limited access of substrate to the active site of the surface bound enzyme (Lei et al, 2009). Thus, despite numerous reported approaches for immobilization of catalysis enzyme on magnetic nanoparticles, there is still the need for simple, cost-effective and high loading capacity methods.Aim of workIs to Synthesis of iron magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) then immobilize amylase on MNP and test the efficiency of immobilization method then study the a ctivity of immobilized amylase.

Accident Analysis Essay

In January 25, 1990, Avianca Flight 52, a Boeing 707 left Bogota, Colombia for New York. After to a greater extent than an hour of delay, the plane ran out of fuel and crashed in the t receive of Cove Neck, Long Island, New York, killing 73 people, including 9 work party members and 65 of the 149 passengers, and injuring the rest. Analysis of this accident would show how human error, faulty systems and bad live conditions caused this accident.The flight crew did not officially decl ar that they were running out of fuel until it was already withal late. The accident could have been avoided if the flight crew has clearly stated that they were really in trouble. Language hindrance could have played a part since the crew only asked for priority which in Spanish could pissed that they were in trouble. The crew should have notified their fuel load to Air business Control when they were put on hold for the first time. This simple information could have made the difference.ATC could ha ve suggested earlier an alternate airdrome had they known this information. Instead, the pilots literally went around in circles waiting for further instructions. By the time the flight was change for landing, it only had enough fuel for one last approach. When the plane was on its final approach, it encountered roll shear, a change of backsheesh direction over short distances. ATC only informed the flight crew of wind shear at 1500 feet. The crew had to abort their approach because they would fall short of the runway. The flight was doomed afterward that incident. Even if they were redirected to an alternate airport prior to the approach, they would not have enough fuel to make it to Boston.The uncertainty now is why the flight crew didnt consult their flight dispatch about possible alternate airports which are not as busy as the John F. Kennedy International. The answer whitethornbe the geological fault of the sterile cockpit rule below 10,000 feet. The sterile cockpit rul e below 10,000 feet states that pilots should not talk about things that are not necessary during crucial stages of the flight, which is usually below 10,000 feet. The pilots mind may have wandered off payable to the long delay the Air Traffic Control has given them.In a sense, Air Traffic Control failed to prioritize air traffic in JFK international. Though Avianca flight 52 did not accommodate its fuel load problems earlier, it did say that it wanted priority. In like mentioned earlier, due to language rampart, priority may have been already a distress call. Air Traffic Control confirmed this request only when what kind of priority is a seventy seven minute delay?Obviously, the failure of the flight crew and Air Traffic Control to communicate properly bequeathed to this horrible accident. This accident could have been avoided if the airline had their own operational control dispatch system that could have assisted them when Air Traffic Control has on the face of it ignored t hem. A standardized terminology in fuel related problems also contributed to the planes crash. If there was only a universal term to describe what the flight was actually experiencing, the language barrier between Air Traffic Control and the pilots would have been irrelevant.To sum up, the plane crash was a result of contributing factors, communication problems, probable mental lapse of the pilots, lack of proper terminology, and unfavorable winds. This accident proves that eternal communication is important in air travel and a high level of concentration is inevitable for the job. Pilots should be trained extensively before giving them their licences, including language training that ensures pilots can converse salubrious in English. In this aspect, a standard language for aeronautical terms should be established. Though the wind shear caused further delay, the plane could have made another attempt if only it had not been uncivilized for more than hour.

Hyundai Motor Company

Background of the Organization Hyundai Motor lodge (Hyundai) is the worlds fifth largest automobile telephoner. It is the South Korea based spherical manufacturer of automobiles, and operates as a unit of Hyundai Motor Group.The society along with its subsidiaries and affiliates is involved in the design, civilisement and manufacturing of passenger cars under the mail names of Equus, Genesis, Genesis Coupe, Azera, Sonata, Elantra, Accent, Getz, i30, i30cw, i20, i10 and recreational vehicles under the brand names of Veracruz/ix55, Santa Fe, Tucson/ix35, ix20, and H-1 and commercial vehicles which include medium and to a great extent duty automobiles and relevant parts. The company maintains a global production system consisting of manufacturing plants and operational facilities in Korea, the US, China, India, Turkey, Czechoslovakian Republic, Russia, and Brazil.It maintains a global base of technical research centers in Korea, the US, Germany, Japan, and India. The company mar ket its products in more than than 180 countries through its operational network of 32 overseas production and sales subsidiaries, and more than 6,000 dealers. Hyundai is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The companys strategic intent focuses on maintaining its leading position in the global automotive market. The company recently adopted a new management concept to focus on the development of a global production system with emphasis on emerging markets such as China India, and Brazil.Recently, the company in collaboration with KOICA and PLAN Korea, planned to launch a project link to the development of technical training centre for automobile repair in several African nations. distinguish Recent Developments of Hyundai Motor Company Nov 21, 2011 Hyundai Joins European Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Demonstration political platform Oct 04, 2011 EU Officials to Drive Fuel-cell Hyundai ix35 Sep 28, 2011 Hyundai to Expand EV Development Sep 06, 2011 Hyundai to Come Out With upstart Electric Vehicle Brand For China May 31, 2011 SK Innovation Commences Construction On EV Batteries deftness HistoryChung Ju-Yung as a small engineering and construction company founded the Hyundai in 1947. In 1965 Hyundai began its operations foreign South Korea, expanding production to Thailand, Vietnam and Guam. The name Hyundai is a Korean word meaning Modernity. The Hyundai motor company was founded in 1967. This famous company has been involved in construction, electronics, chemicals, shipbuilding, heavy industry and financial services. The companys first model was released with the cooperation with Ford motor company, the Cortina in 1968. In 1967, they began exporting to Ecuador and Benelux countries.In 1991, Hyundai successfully developed its make proprietary gasoline engine. Hyundai Motors India Limited was established in 1996 with its production plant in Irrungattukatoi near Chennai, India. In 1998, Hyundai became a world class brand. During 1999, Chung Mong Koo, son of Chung Ju Yung was given leadership of Hyundai Motors. In 2004 a survey by Power and Associates ranked Hyundai the second in initial quality. In 2006 Chung Mong Koo was arrested for embezzlement of 100 billion SKW, and feebleness chairman and CEO Kim Dong-Jin took over as head of Hyundai. philosophy and Objectives of the Organization The Hyundai Motor Companys Philosophy represents the determine and the principles that are the core of the organization. Realize the dream of mankind by creating a new approaching through ingenious thinking and continuously challenging new frontiers. Core Values Promotes a customer driven embodied culture by providing the best quality and impeccable service with all values centered on their customers. Embrace every opportunity as greater challenges and achieve the goals with unwavering fury and ingenious thinking.Creates synergy through a sense of togetherness that is fostered by mutual communication and cooperation within the company and with thei r business partners. They believe the future of the organization lies in the hearts capabilities of individual members, and will help them develop their potential by creating a corporate culture that respects talent. Respects the diversity of cultures and customs, aspire to be the worlds best at what we do, and strive to become a respected global corporate citizen.

Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration

gold coast INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (GIMPA) MBA (PROJECT MANAGEMENT OPTION) GMBA 799 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT scholar NAME EMMANUEL SESSOU STUDENT ID NUMBER MBAE 10040217 Question Write a short note on the match Scorecard Balanced ScorecardBasics The equilibrise plug-in is astrategic planning and man seasonment systemthat is use extensively in business and industry, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, rectify internal and external communications, and monitor organization murder against strategic goals.It was originated by Drs. Robert Kaplan (Harvard Business School) and David Norton as a performance measurement framework that added strategic non- monetary performance measures to traditional financial metrics to give managers and executives a much balanced view of organizational performance. The balanced scorecard has evolved from its early use as a unbiased performa nce measurement framework to a fullstrategic planning and management system. The balanced scorecard retains traditional financial measures.But financial measures tell the story of past events, an adequate story for industrial age companies for which investments in long-term capabilities and customer relationships were not critical for success. These financial measures atomic number 18 inadequate, however, for guiding and evaluating the journey that entropy age companies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation. The balanced scorecard suggests that we view the organization from four statuss, and to develop metrics, collect data and analyze it relative to for each one of these perspectives The Learning & step-up Perspective, The Business Process Perspective, The Customer Perspective and The Financial Perspective The Learning & Growth Perspective This perspective includes employee training and cor porate cultural attitudes related to both individual and corporate self-improvement. In a knowledge-worker organization, people the only repository of knowledge are the main resource.In the current climate of quick technological change, it is becoming necessary for knowledge workers to be in a continuous learning mode. prosody evoke be put into place to guide managers in focusing training funds where they send word help the most. In both case, learning and growth constitute the essential foundation for success of any knowledge-worker organization. The Business Process Perspective This perspective refers to internal business processes. Metrics based on this perspective allow the managers to know how well their business is running, and whether its products and services conform to customer requirements (the mission).These metrics have to be carefully designed by those who know these processes most intimately with our unique missions these are not something that nooky be develope d by outside consultants. The Customer Perspective Recent management philosophy has shown an change magnitude realization of the importance of customer focus and customer satisfaction in any business. These are lead story indicators if customers are not satisfied, they will eventually find other suppliers that will meet their needs. Poor performance from this perspective is thus a leading indicator of future decline, even though the current financial picture may look good.In developing metrics for satisfaction, customers should be analyzed in terms of kinds of customers and the kinds of processes for which we are providing a product or service to those customer groups. The Financial Perspective Kaplan and Norton do not brush aside the traditional need for financial data. Timely and accurate funding data will always be a priority, and managers will do whatever necessary to provide it. In fact, often there is more than enough handling and processing of financial data.With the imple mentation of a corporate database, it is hoped that more of the processing can be centralized and automated. But the point is that the current emphasis on financials leads to the unbalanced situation with ask to other perspectives. There is perhaps a need to include additional financial-related data, such as stake assessment and cost-benefit data, in this category. Reference Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton, Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic commission System, Harvard Business Review (January-February 1996) 76.

Ludwig van Beethoven’s Symphony No. 9

The Symphony zero(prenominal) 9 is the last complete unison by the great Ludwig van Beethoven, composed while he was on the whole deaf. Considered as one of Beethovens greatest masterpieces, Symphony No. 9 is perhaps the best known compositions of wild-eyed music.It is scored for strings, 2 oboes, 2 flutes, 2 clarinets in B-flat and C, piccolo (fourth drive only), 2 bassoons, contrabassoon (fourth move only), timpani, triangle (fourth movement only), bass drum (fourth movement only), cymbals (fourth movement only), 3 trombones (alto, tenor, and bass, irregular and fourth movements only), 2 horns (3 and 4) in B-flat (bass), 2 horns (1 and 2) in D and B-flat, and 2 trumpets in D and B-flat. Symphony No. 9 likewise has vocal part, consisting of baritone solo, soprano solo, tenor solo, alto solo, and a choir in four parts bass, alto, soprano, and tenor (which is divided briefly into Tenor I and Tenor II).Beethoven shows in Symphony No. 9, as in his other symphonies, an exceptio nal gift for communication. Here, he radiated a supreme directness that bases the symphony exclusively accessible. The absolute emotional power in this symphony is readily understood and the revolutionary compositional ideas that make up the symphony are easily appreciated.It is revolutionary on many levels rhythmic, melodic, harmonic, formal, emotional, and self-expressive. It is interesting in that it breaks with gray distinctions and conventions and to give precedence to Beethovens expressive desires and needs and desires. The ethereal, monumental, and triumphant emotion reflected in the ordinal Symphony is surprising given the energetic humor of Symphony No. 1, the worrying fate bang on the door opening of Symphony No. 5, the pastoral reflection in Symphony No. 6.Beethovens Symphony No. 9 is truly is among the greatest achievements of the human spirit. Symphony No. 9 is in four movements the archetypical movement is marked as allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso the sec ond movement as molto vivace, the third movement is marked as adagio molto e cantabile and the fourth movement as presto/recitative. Beethovens arrangement adopts a somewhat bizarre Classical pattern, with the scherzo movement in second position, instead of the normal third position.The symphonys first movement is in sonata form, which follows a formal model that had guided the artist throughout his career. In general, the vagary is stormy and bleak. A striking moment here is the commencement of the recapitulation section, which as opposed to literally repeating the pianissimo opening bars in D minor, it shifts to fortissimo D major, a name change which surprises many listeners, ironically, as expressing awe or terror. A scherzo, the second movement is in D minor.The theme in the opening echoes the theme of the first movement. The second movement is noteworthy for its timpani solos and propelling rhythm. The third movement has the deeply felt and lyrical slow movement, in B-flat major. His movement is written in a loose variation form, with each of the two variations dividing the basic beat to produce a more than elaborate melodic configuration than what went before the first is in 4/4 time and the second is in 12/8 time.A virtuosic horn solo assigned to the fourth player is also renowned in the third movement. Symphony No. 9 is famous for its choral finale, which has awed many listeners as somewhat rambling. Within the fourth movement are four movements. However, this final movement in the symphony is different from an independent symphony due to its thematic unity. Every part is based on every the main theme, the Seid umschlungen theme, or some combination of the two themes.

Love: The Universal Constant

Some say that the idea of revere in modern terms differs conceptually from that of earlier periods. That argument is demonstrably false. Although love has been characterized In m all different ways throughout the ages, the fundamental Idea remains constant. No matter the eccentric personalities love Is empower to, love Is what It Is. From a literary point of view, whether one reads the tender longing of stigmatise, the unattainable desire of Patriarch, or the whimsical prose of Dickinson, the message of love despite its myriad of formsremains the same.The concept of love particular to the physical composition of writing is equally a study of psychology, sociology and anthropology as it is a literary endeavor. As readers of literature, we do not learn anything intrinsically controversial about love across eras, but rather translate the never-failing message of the many facets of love into literature and interpret its significance. The idea (or theme) of love does not change from textbook to text regardless of era, but rather has new traits tacked on as cartridge holder progresses.In her rime Rich-dethroned everlasting Aphrodite, Shop describes an insatiable desire or a woman, the hassle of her refusal, and the dejected plea for release from the psychoneurotic pursuit. Love struck, Shop begs Aphrodite to make the woman hers. Shop can only imagine the unbearable pain and sickness of a crushed heart if otherwise. In another poem, He looks to me to be in heaven, Shop overwhelms readers with feelings that resemble butterflies in the stomach.The narrator of the poem has travel in love with someone who makes the heart restrain in my breast for watching you a moment, speech fails me, My tongue is paralyzed, at once a frail fire nuns beneath my skin, my eyes are blinded, and my ears drumming. The concept of obsessive love Is again Illustrated Is James Jockeys poem Arab. The mall character seeks to profess his love to a young girl whom he has clearly falle n head over heels for. The lovesick lad claims that a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into mossy. , I thought little of the future. I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not org if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. But my body was like a live/ and her words and gestures were eke fingers running upon the wires. Similar to obsessive love, literature about love that is lost is just as timeless. The melancholy that pervades the text is palpable in Counted Cullers The Loss of Love. For example, the final lines l have no result to weep or sing, No desire to pray or curse The loss of love Is a terrible thing, They Ill who say that death Is worse. Simultaneously, In Patriarchs Canceller, Patriarch mourns the loss of his Laura. The unmistakable and undeniable superstar of loss and hopelessness is evident in both laddered, uncensored my life/ is totally, that night and day it weeps J weary without a helm in stormy seas/ on a dubiou s course with no true guide. Then, there was Shakespearean Sonnet 57 that conveyed the realization that a fool in love is no more than a willing slave. The willing unwillingness of the speakers love makes one marvel at the truth of its depiction and at the tortured psychology which forces loved into the anguish of such impossible situations. macrocosm your slave, what should I do but tend. Upon the hours and times of your desire? I have no precious time to spend, Nor services to do, till you require. /. But, like a sad slave, stay and think enough/ Save, where you are how riant you make those. So true a fool is love that in you will, Though you do any thing, he thinks no ill. Almost half a millennium later, Emily Dickinson poem To lose thee moves readers with the same fill up emotions of a helpless lover. To lose thee, sweeter than to gain/ All other hearts I knew. is true the drouth is destitute/ But then I had the dewThe Caspian has its realms of sand, Its other realm of se a Without the sterile perquisite/ No Caspian could be. So we see, love is an ageless universal constant. The powerful emotions invoked by love obviously reveal no discernible difference in the impact it has had, regardless of when the work was composed. Because there is a certain acquaintance that love is enduring through the centuries with all its accompanying emotions and crossing of philosophical and religious boundaries, there is zipper really to be conjured about love, but only added factors that are discovered.

Fords Profitability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fords Profitability - Essay ExampleThe research work go forth help in giving an explanation on why the company is making 24 one million million million in losses. A competitive advantage may be created in producing similar products to Toyotas models with lower costs. The produce produced should be according to what the consumers need, and not according to what it is used to producing (Close, 2012).They can completely change the company strategies and social structure on how it carries out its operational activities. This can be achieved by changing the objectives, target and mission statements of the company. fundament of process engineering skills, tight cost control and reports that are more frequent. The perplexity should be commensurate to give the company a new purpose and direction, by motivating the workers, and improving the culture of the presidency (Canary, 2012).In extreme circumstances, the firm may also consider taking action on the management structure by consid ering the option of reducing on the number of employees both in the management level and in the operational levels. This will act as a direct way of reducing on the production and operational

Organizational Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Strategy - Assignment ExampleThe level of input and the outcomes is excessively a major factor to be considered. The second stage is to think of how to change the current situation. get all aras that change requires implementation, and how to go about it. The final stage is to think of where one would want to come about and within what period. This creates a motivation to put more effort in implementing the change. Ones the changes are being implemented, in that location is a need to evaluate their efficiency and if they are competent, they should constantly be implemented (Kaufman, 2003). Celebrating the hard nominate is done once the desired outcomes are achieved.Change requires commitment and persistence. Organizational changes are usually monstrous and, especially, to those with the status quo, therefore, there is a requirement for all those involved to accept the need for change. Many are the time people involved persist the change and tend to be confused w ith the happenings (Plas, 1999). Organizational worry is a big task and therefore, there should be sponsors and advisors who will advise according to change implementation. In todays market, organizations need to implement changes due to the completion and the technological changes that are occurring in the